01 Basic%20Measuring%20Techniques, BMW educational info, Dokumentacja

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01 Basic%20Measuring%20Techniques, BMW educational info, Dokumentacja

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//-->Table of ContentsBasic Measuring TechniquesSubjectPageBasic Engine Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Vernier Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4MIcrometer Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Metric Micrometer Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Dial Indicator Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Examples of Dial Indicator Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Additional Engine Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Cylinder Head Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Piston Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Piston Ring Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Cylinder Bore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Metric System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Metric System Denominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Metric Reference Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Metric System Conversion Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Pressure Conversion Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Initial Print Date: 03/05Revision Date:Basic Measuring TechniquesModel: AllAfter completion of this module you will be able to:• Use basic measuring tools• Perform basic engine measurements• Understand metric measurements2Basic Measuring TechniquesBasic Engine MeasurementsDuring the course of engine repairs some basic engine measurements are required toverify engine diagnosis as well as to complete proper repairs. These measurements aremade by precision measuring tools such as micrometers, Vernier calipers, cylinder boregauges and dial indicators.Also, a working knowledge of the metric system is also a vital skill that is needed by thetechnician. All BMW engine measurements consist of metric specifications. Some ofthe routine engine measurements performed include:• Valve Guide Wear (Tilt Angle K)• Cylinder Bore Measurements (Taper and Out-of-Round)• Cylinder Head Warpage and Thickness• Axial and Radial Endplay Measurements (Crankshaft/Camshaft etc).Among all of the skills possessed by a modern technician, basic measuring techniquesare perhaps the most overlooked and least used. This is why it is important to reviewthese skills from time to time as a refresher.Also, it is necessary to access technical data to obtain the proper specifications for thesemeasurements. This course is designed to review measuring techniques to assist inengine diagnosis.3Basic Measuring TechniquesVernier MeasurementThe Vernier scale is used on various measuring tools such as the Vernier caliper and theDepth Gauge. The Vernier scale can be used with Fractional (US) and Metric systems.For the purposes of this training module we will always refer to the Metric Vernier scale.The Vernier scale consists of a fixed scale and a sliding scale. The fixed scale is dividedwith graduations in 1 millimeter increments. The sliding scale has 10 graduations inincrements of .5.Depth Gauge with Vernier ScaleFixed Scale (in 1 mm increments)12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031320 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Vernier Scale (sliding scale)In order to read a measurement, use the zero mark on the left end of the vernier scale touse as a guide to read a measurement on the fixed scale.In the example shown at the right, the zeromark is resting between 26 and 27 mm.Therefore the base measurement is 26 mm.Next, the decimal measurement must betaken. For this, find a line on the Vernier thatmost closely matches any line on the fixedscale.Using the example drawing, the “4” on theVernier scale is lining up directly with a line onthe fixed scale.Combining the previous reading with this read-ing, the result would be 26.4 mm.The designations on the Vernier scale are in increments of .5. For example, if a reading onthe Vernier scale falls on the .5 (i.e. 2.5, 3.5 etc) designation this would indicate 5/100th’sof a millimeter.4Basic Measuring Techniques2345670 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Classroom Exercise - Vernier ReadingsFill in the correct Vernier scale readings in the spaces provided below.Vernier 1Vernier 212345656789100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Vernier Reading 1:___________________________________Vernier Reading 2:___________________________________Vernier 3Vernier 4141516171819272829300 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Vernier Reading 3:___________________________________Vernier Reading 4:___________________________________5Basic Measuring Techniques [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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