01 Intro%20to%20Passive%20Safety, BMW educational info, Dokumentacja

01 ...

01 Intro%20to%20Passive%20Safety, BMW educational info, Dokumentacja

[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
//-->Table of ContentsIntroduction to Passive SafetySubjectPageIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3History of BMW Safety Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Fully Integrated Road Safety Technology (F.I.R.S.T.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Energy Absorbing Body Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8SMART Airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Side Airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Seatbelts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Battery Safety Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Head Protection System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Active Knee Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Active Head Restraint System (AKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Rollover Protection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Summary of BMW Passive Safety Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Initial Print Date: 12/04Revision Date:Introduction to Passive SafetyModel: All with Passive Safety SystemsProduction: AllAfter completion of this module you will be able to:• Understand the History of BMW Passive Safety• Understand the differences between Passive and Active Safety• Understand the concepts behind F.I.R.S.T.(Fully Integrated Road Safety Technology)2Introduction to Passive SafetyIntroductionHistory of BMW Safety SystemsBMW has a long history of being at the forefront of passenger safety technology. Beforethe introduction of airbag systems, seatbelts provided the primary restraint for protectionof the occupants during an impact. Three point seatbelts provided the greatest level ofoccupant safety at that time.Many other safety innovations were already is use before airbag systems were intro-duced. Energy absorbing body structures with “crumple zones” uphold the integrity ofthe passenger safety cell. Some of the other features are “breakaway” engine and trans-mission mountings, collapsible steering column, door mounted impact beams and ahood that is designed to fold on impact rather than penetrate the windshield.There are many other safety innovations which are transparent to the driver, but are cru-cial to providing a safe environment for the vehicle occupants.Since 1986, when BMW first introduced the Supplementary Restraint System (SRS) totheir US model line, BMW has continuously improved the level of occupant protection.The driver’s side airbag was standard on all US production models from 1986. Later, thepassenger side airbag became standard on the 1992 models.These first systems were made by Cipro and Siemens and consisted of mechanical crashsensors located on the inner fenders. An airbag was mounted on the steering wheel anda control unit containing a mechanical safing sensor was located in the passenger com-partment. The vehicle wiring harness was modified to accommodate these systems.Later versions included a standard passenger side airbag from 9/91 production. Thesesystem were designated Siemens 2C. These systems were replaced by ZAE.Beginning with the 1994 model year, the ZAE system was introduced on US models.The E31, E34, E36 and E38 all used the ZAE I system. ZAE I used crash sensors whichwere integral to the control unit and eliminated the mechanical fender mounted sensorson previous models. Also the passenger seat occupancy detection system (SBE) wasintroduced at this time. ZAE 2 was introduced later and now included the detection ofrear impacts.3Introduction to Passive SafetyThe Multiple Restraint System (MRS) addressed the need for side impact protection.Starting with the E39, door mounted side airbags were added on the front driver and pas-senger side. The MRS system also utilized side impact sensors which were externallymounted near the b-pillar. In combination with the MRS control unit, the side impact sen-sors allowed the MRS system to differentiate between front, rear and side impacts.Subsequent versions of MRS introduced new technology and enhancements to MRS I.MRSII utilized the new head protection system (HPS) and also the new Safety BatteryTerminal.MRS III has new features including the 2-stage airbag and the rear head protection sys-tem. Also, the MRS III control unit was now connected to the K-bus for diagnosis,improved crash signalling and for the fuel pump cut-off feature.The only changes to MRS IV were improved software and triggering algorithms. It wasintroduced in 4/01 production on the E46 and E53 and later phased into E38 and E39.The latest version of MRS is the MRS4RD system. The “RD” designation indicates a re-design over the previous MRSIV system. Numerous modifications include additionalcrash sensors mounted in the front of the vehicle and pressure sensors mounted in thefront doors. Also, the new passenger seat occupancy detection system (OC-3) which iscapable of determining the approximate size of the occupant based on weight distribu-tion. To accommodate these changes, the MRS control unit was increased to 75 pinsfrom the previous 50 pin control unit.E83 with MRS4RD4Introduction to Passive SafetyThe introduction of the E65 brought about a new era in passive safety technology.The new passive safety system on the E65 was a departure from the MRS philosophy.Instead of having the triggering electronics located centrally in the MRS module. Thenew method was to decentralize the triggering electronics by locating the trigger circuitsin the satellite sensors which are closer to potential impact points.The new system is referred to as the Intelligent Safety and Information System (ISIS).ISIS consists of a series of satellites connected by an optical bus network calledbyte-flight. Thebyteflightnetwork was specifically designed a a high speed network foruse on safety related systems.E65 ISIS System OverviewThe ISIS concept was also adopted on the new Advanced Safety Electronic (ASE) sys-tems which was introduced on the E85. The ASE system is also used on the new E60,E63 and E64 vehicles. ASE is similar in design to ISIS, and uses the byteflight fiber opticnetwork. However the total number of satellites is reduced as compared to ISIS.5Introduction to Passive Safety [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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